OSHA CONFINED SPACE PERMIT
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OSHA CONFINED SPACE PERMIT rules and regulations
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Many workplaces contain spaces that are considered “confined” because their configurations hinder the activities of employees who must enter, work in, and exit them. A confined space has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and it is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Confined spaces include, but are not limited to underground vaults, tanks, storage bins, manholes, pits, silos, process vessels, and pipelines. OSHA uses the term “permit-required confined space” (permit space) to describe a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics: contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; contains a material that has the potential to engulf an entrant; has walls that converge inward or floors that slope downward and taper into a smaller area which could trap or asphyxiate an entrant; or contains any other recognized safety or health hazard, such as unguarded machinery, exposed live wires, or heat stress.
Confined space hazards are addressed in specific standards for the general industry and shipyard employment. This page highlights OSHA standards, directives (instructions for compliance officers), standard interpretations (official letters of interpretation of the standards), and national consensus standards related to confined spaces.
OSHA
Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act, often referred to as the General Duty Clause, requires employers to “furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees”. Section 5(a)(2) requires employers to “comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act”.
Note: Twenty-four states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have OSHA-approved State Plans and have adopted their own standards and enforcement policies. For the most part, these States adopt standards that are identical to Federal OSHA. However, some States have adopted different standards applicable to this topic or may have different enforcement policies.
Highlighted Standards
General Industry (29 CFR 1910)
- 1910 Subpart H, Hazardous materials,
- 1910.124, General requirements for dipping and coating operations
- 1910 Subpart J, General environmental controls
- 1910.146, Permit-required confined spaces
- Appendix A, Permit-required confined space decision flow chart
- Appendix B, Procedures for atmospheric testing
- Appendix C, Examples of permit-required confined space programs
- Appendix D, Confined space pre-entry check list
- Appendix E, Sewer system entry
- Appendix F, Rescue team or rescue service evaluation criteria (Non-mandatory)
- 1910 Subpart Q, Welding, cutting, and brazing
- 1910.252, General requirements
- 1910 Subpart R, Special industries
Shipyard Employment (29 CFR 1915)
- 1915 Subpart B, Confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres in shipyard employment
- 1915.11, Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart
- 1915.12, Precautions and the order of testing before entering confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres
- 1915.13, Cleaning and other cold work
- 1915.14, Hot work
- 1915.15, Maintenance of safe conditions
- 1915.16, Warning signs and labels
- Appendix A, Compliance assistance guidelines for confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres
- Appendix B, Reprint of US coast guard regulations referenced in Subpart B, for determination of Coast Guard authorized persons
Directives
- 29 CFR Part 1915, Subpart B, Confined and Enclosed Spaces and Other Dangerous Atmospheres in Shipyard Employment. CPL 02-01-042, (2005, September 7).
- Search all available directives.
Standard Interpretations
- Clarification of “potential atmospheric hazard” when reclassifying a PRCS as a non-permit required confined space. (2005, December 2).
- Clarification of “continuous forced air ventilation” for PRCS entry work. (2005, November 17).
- Search all available standard interpretations.
National Consensus
Note: These are NOT OSHA regulations. However, they do provide guidance from their originating organizations related to worker protection.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)
- Z117.1 – 2003, Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces
- 1910 – Table of Contents
- 1910 Subpart A – General
- 1910 Subpart B – Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards
- 1910 Subpart C – Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards
- 1910 Subpart D – Walking-Working Surfaces
- 1910 Subpart E – Means of Egress
- 1910 Subpart F – Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms
- 1910 Subpart G – Occupational Health and Environment Control
- 1910 Subpart H – Hazardous Materials
- 1910 Subpart I – Personal Protective Equipment
- 1910 Subpart J – General Environmental Controls
- 1910 Subpart K – Medical and First Aid
- 1910 Subpart L – Fire Protection
- 1910 Subpart M – Compressed Gas and Compressed Air Equipment
- 1910 Subpart N – Materials Handling and Storage
- 1910 Subpart O – Machinery and Machine Guarding
- 1910 Subpart P – Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment
- 1910 Subpart Q – Welding, Cutting, and Brazing
- 1910 Subpart R – Special Industries
- 1910 Subpart S – Electrical
- 1910 Subpart T – Commercial Diving Operations
- 1910 Subpart U – [Reserved]
- 1910 Subpart V – [Reserved]
- 1910 Subpart W – Program Standard
- 1910 Subpart X – [Reserved]
- 1910 Subpart Y – [Reserved]
| • Part Number: | 1910 |
| • Part Title: | Occupational Safety and Health Standards |
| • Subpart: | J |
| • Subpart Title: | General Environmental Controls |
| • Standard Number: | 1910.146 App D |
| • Title: | Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List |
|
|
Appendix D to §1910.146 — Sample Permits
Appendix D-1
Confined Space Entry Permit
Date and Time Issued: _______________ Date and Time Expires: ________
Job site/Space I.D.: ________________ Job Supervisor:________________
Equipment to be worked on: __________ Work to be performed: _________
Stand-by personnel: __________________ ________________ _____________
1. Atmospheric Checks: Time ________
Oxygen ________%
Explosive ________% L.F.L.
Toxic ________PPM
2. Tester's signature: _____________________________
3. Source isolation (No Entry): N/A Yes No
Pumps or lines blinded, ( ) ( ) ( )
disconnected, or blocked ( ) ( ) ( )
4. Ventilation Modification: N/A Yes No
Mechanical ( ) ( ) ( )
Natural Ventilation only ( ) ( ) ( )
5. Atmospheric check after
isolation and Ventilation:
Oxygen __________% > 19.5 %
Explosive _______% L.F.L < 10 %
Toxic ___________PPM < 10 PPM H(2)S
Time ____________
Testers signature: _____________________________
6. Communication procedures: ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Rescue procedures: _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Entry, standby, and back up persons: Yes No
Successfully completed required
training?
Is it current? ( ) ( )
9. Equipment: N/A Yes No
Direct reading gas monitor -
tested ( ) ( ) ( )
Safety harnesses and lifelines
for entry and standby persons ( ) ( ) ( )
Hoisting equipment ( ) ( ) ( )
Powered communications ( ) ( ) ( )
SCBA's for entry and standby
persons ( ) ( ) ( )
Protective Clothing ( ) ( ) ( )
All electric equipment listed
Class I, Division I, Group D
and Non-sparking tools ( ) ( ) ( )
10. Periodic atmospheric tests:
Oxygen ____% Time ____ Oxygen ____% Time ____
Oxygen ____% Time ____ Oxygen ____% Time ____
Explosive ____% Time ____ Explosive ____% Time ____
Explosive ____% Time ____ Explosive ____% Time ____
Toxic ____% Time ____ Toxic ____% Time ____
Toxic ____% Time ____ Toxic ____% Time ____
We have reviewed the work authorized by this permit and the
information contained here-in. Written instructions and safety
procedures have been received and are understood. Entry cannot be
approved if any squares are marked in the "No" column. This permit is
not valid unless all appropriate items are completed.
Permit Prepared By: (Supervisor)________________________________________
Approved By: (Unit Supervisor)__________________________________________
Reviewed By (Cs Operations Personnel) :
_________________________________ ____________________________________
(printed name) (signature)
This permit to be kept at job site. Return job site copy to Safety
Office following job completion.
Copies: White Original (Safety Office)
Yellow (Unit Supervisor)
Hard(Job site)
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